Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the International Institute for Sustainable Development web page at https://www.iisd.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2458, the sum of 490 for the count of issues, 1573 for specific issues, 337 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 58 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 192

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 41

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 96

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 176

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 44

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 120

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 30

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 117

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 39

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 98

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 35

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 49

Issue: h1 not 1st heading

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r61

Description: First heading is not h1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: h1 missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of aslint rules

Rule h1_must_be

Description: Page contains no h1 element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule h1_missing

Description: Missing first level heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 82

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r74

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute font size

Count of instances: 41

Issue: line height absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the line height of text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.12

Score: 82

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r80

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute line height

Count of instances: 41

Issue: font small

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 72

Violations of aslint rules

Rule minimum_font_size

Description: Font size is smaller than 10 pixels

Count of instances: 24

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 60

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 39

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 60

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 9

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 1

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 56

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 14

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 52

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 13

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 35

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 35

Violations of wave rules

Rule title_redundant

Description: Title attribute text is the same as the text or alternative text

Count of instances: 3

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 22

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 22

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 14

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 22

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 17

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 16

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule button-name

Description: Button has no discernible text

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Button.Name

Description: Button element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R11

Description: Button has no accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 4

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 4

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 14

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 7

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 13

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 13

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 10

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 1

Issue: control label invisible

Impact: User cannot understand how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 8

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-title-only

Description: Form control has no visible label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputEmail.Name

Description: Email input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_orphaned

Description: Orphaned form label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: landmarks not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 6

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-unique

Description: Landmark has a role and an accessible name that are identical to another

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control has title instead of label

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 6

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_title

Description: Form control has a title but no label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 6

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 3

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 5

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r18

Description: ARIA state or property is not allowed for the element on which it is specified

Count of instances: 1

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 4

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 4

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 1

Issue: autocomplete missing

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule autocomplete

Description: Name or email input is missing its required autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 2

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 3

Issue: aside child of landmark

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-complementary-is-top-level

Description: complementary landmark (aside) is contained in another landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 2

Issue: focusable element inoperable

Impact: Inoperability of an item violates a user expectation

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focOp

Description: Tab-focusable element is inoperable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_suspicious

Description: Suspicious link text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: article heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Article lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all articles.

Description: article has no heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r72

Description: Paragraph text is uppercased

Count of instances: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 8