Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the PATH web page at https://www.path.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 3219, the sum of 710 for the count of issues, 1684 for specific issues, 472 for tool-by-tool ratings, 300 for the page preventing tools from running, 53 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 383

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 32

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 305

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 78

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 25

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 18

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 129

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 43

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 128

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 64

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 50

Issue: fatal error

Impact: Document prevents testing for accessibility

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 124

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Cannot recover after last error. Any further errors will be ignored.

Description: Testing was interrupted by a fatal error

Count of instances: 1

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 68

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 17

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 64

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 9

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 16

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 3

Issue: page content moves spontaneously

Impact: Motion-sensitive user may suffer harm

WCAG: 2.2.2

Score: 62

Violations of testaro rules

Rule motion

Description: Change of visible content not requested by user

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tabindex redundant

Impact: Revision risks interfering with navigation by a keyboard-only user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 52

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_tabindex_attribute

Description: Element has an implicit tabIndex value 0, but also has a tabindex attribute

Count of instances: 52

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 48

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 12

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 48

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 16

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 32

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_1.F77

Description: Duplicate id attribute value

Count of instances: 5

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 5

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 32

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 16

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 30

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 15

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 8

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 24

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.F68

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 6

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of aslint rules

Rule label_inappropriate_associationM

Description: Element referenced by the for attribute is missing

Count of instances: 4

Rule aria_labelledby_associationN

Description: Element referenced by the aria-labelledby attribute is missing

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H44.NonExistentFragment

Description: Label for attribute references a nonexistent element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_orphaned

Description: Orphaned form label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element in head invalid

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 18

Violations of testaro rules

Rule headEl

Description: Elements in the head are not allowed there

Count of instances: 6

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 16

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_alt_attribute

Description: Image has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H37

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An img element must have an alt attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_missing

Description: Text alternative is missing

Count of instances: 2

Rule alt_spacer_missing

Description: Spacer image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Issue: label referent ineligible

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_ref_valid

Description: Value of the for attribute of the label element is not the id of a valid input element

Count of instances: 4

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 16

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 16

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 15

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 15

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 11

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 15

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 14

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 7

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 2

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputEmail.Name

Description: Email input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputText.Name

Description: Text input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 3

Issue: label not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a form item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_content_exists

Description: label element has no descriptive text identifying the expected input

Count of instances: 3

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_attribute_valid

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 3

Issue: autocomplete missing

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 12

Violations of testaro rules

Rule autocomplete

Description: Name or email input is missing its required autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 6

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 12

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 4

Issue: label empty

Impact: User cannot get help on the topics of form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_empty

Description: Empty form label

Count of instances: 4

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 12

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 12

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 10

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 5

Issue: image alt long

Impact: Helper gives a user an overly verbose explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_long

Description: Long text alternative

Count of instances: 5

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 7

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: select not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a list of options

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Select.Value

Description: Select element value has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Select.Name

Description: Select element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule select_missing_label

Description: Select element has no label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 9

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_tabbable_role_valid

Description: Tabbable element has a non-widget role

Count of instances: 3

Issue: element closure invalid

Impact: Document contains invalid code

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Stray end tag .+$

Description: Invalid closing tag

Count of instances: 2

Rule ^Start tag .+ seen but an element of the same type was already open.*$

Description: Element is invalidly a descendant of another such element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 8

Issue: control label invisible

Impact: User cannot understand how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule label_visually_hidden_only

Description: Form control has a label but it is not visible

Count of instances: 2

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 8

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule orientation

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 2

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 4

Issue: operable element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to an operable item

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 8

Violations of testaro rules

Rule opFoc

Description: Operable element is not Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 2

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 8

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 6

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r74

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute font size

Count of instances: 3

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 6

Issue: meta invalid

Impact: Document fails to include needed data

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element meta at this point.*$

Description: Attribute is not allowed on a meta element here

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Element meta is missing one or more of the following attributes: .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 6

Issue: focusable element hidden

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r17

Description: Tab-focusable element is or has an ancestor that is aria-hidden

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_hidden_nontabbable

Description: Element has an ancestor with a true aria-hidden attribute but is focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 3

Issue: labeled element ambiguous

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a form item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule label_implicitly_associatedM

Description: Element contains more than 1 labelable element.

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria reference invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_id_unique

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid or duplicated id as its value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule aria_reference_broken

Description: Broken ARIA reference

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 3

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 3

Issue: focusable element not active

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule focus-order-semantics

Description: Focusable element has no active role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad start tag in .+$

Description: Invalid start tag

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element beyond display when focused

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focVis

Description: Element when focused is off the display

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no default option

Impact: User may risk erroneously submitting a form

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule select_initial_option

Description: No option has been made the default with a selected attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: option groups possibly not marked

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing groups of options

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H85.2

Description: Selection list may contain groups of related options that are not grouped with optgroup

Count of instances: 2

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 2

Issue: label types incompatible

Impact: User cannot get reliable help on the topics of form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule labClash

Description: Incompatible label types

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element referenced by multiple labels

Impact: User cannot get reliable help on the topics of form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule form-field-multiple-labels

Description: Form field has multiple label elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: void element has trailing slash

Impact: Document contains invalid code

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Trailing slash on void elements has no effect and interacts badly with unquoted attribute values.

Description: Void element has a useless trailing slash.

Count of instances: 1

Issue: duplicate attribute

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule dupAtt

Description: Source code of the element contains 2 or more of the same attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_possible

Description: Possible heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r72

Description: Paragraph text is uppercased

Count of instances: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 17

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 3