Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the WaterAid web page at https://www.wateraid.org/us/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 3520, the sum of 660 for the count of issues, 2147 for specific issues, 630 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 83 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 400

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 100

Issue: target empty

Impact: Item is displayed improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 300

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Bad value for attribute target on element a: Browsing context name must be at least one character long.

Description: target attribute on an a element is empty

Count of instances: 75

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 180

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 90

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 138

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 55

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 71

Rule color_contrast_aaa4

Description: Text has contrast less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 5

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 62

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 34

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 32

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 1

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 123

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 41

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 96

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 48

Issue: h1 not 1st heading

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r61

Description: First heading is not h1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 86

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 43

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 84

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 21

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 68

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 15

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 17

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 58

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 29

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 44

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 9

Rule img_empty_alt_in_link

Description: Element is an image in a link but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H30.2

Description: img element is the only link content but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Rule QW-WCAG-T21

Description: Accessible name is not provided for an image which is the only content in a link

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_link_missing

Description: Linked image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 37

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 37

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 36

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r74

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute font size

Count of instances: 18

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 36

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 9

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 24

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r18

Description: ARIA state or property is not allowed for the element on which it is specified

Count of instances: 5

Rule r19

Description: ARIA state or property has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-allowed-attr

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 1

Rule aria-valid-attr-value

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 23

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 4

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 16

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 22

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 11

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-prohibited-attr

Description: Element has an attribute that is not valid for the role of the element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_attribute_valid

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 5

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 16

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_1.F77

Description: Duplicate id attribute value

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Duplicate ID .+$|^The first occurrence of ID .* was here.*$

Description: Duplicate id

Count of instances: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 4

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 16

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 4

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 15

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 5

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 15

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 15

Issue: heading empty

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Empty heading.

Description: Empty heading

Count of instances: 3

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.F68

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 7

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 7

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 7

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 7

Issue: heading heads nothing

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r78

Description: No content between two headings of the same level

Count of instances: 3

Issue: line height absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the line height of text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.12

Score: 6

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r80

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute line height

Count of instances: 3

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 6

Issue: autocomplete invalid

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form item

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An input element with a type attribute whose value is hidden must not have an autocomplete attribute whose value is on or off.

Description: autocomplete attribute belongs to a hidden element but has an on or off value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control child of link or button

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An element with the attribute tabindex must not appear as a descendant of the button element.

Description: descendant of a button element has a tabindex attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 6

Issue: element beyond display when focused

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focVis

Description: Element when focused is off the display

Count of instances: 2

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 6

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 5

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 2

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 4

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 5

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 1

Issue: dialog not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaining a pop-up window

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_role_dialog

Description: Element has a dialog role but has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-dialog-name

Description: ARIA dialog or alertdialog node has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 4

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputText.Name

Description: Text input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 1

Issue: interactive component not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding a custom item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_widget_labelled

Description: Interactive component has no programmatically associated name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute missing

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ is missing one or more of the following attributes: .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 2

Issue: visible label not in name

Impact: User cannot get help choosing a form control to operate

WCAG: 2.5.3

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r14

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-content-name-mismatch

Description: Element visible text is not part of its accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_5_3.F96

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R30

Description: Visible label is not part of the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element obsolete

Impact: Document includes obsolete code that the browser may fail to process

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r70

Description: Element is obsolete or deprecated

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule obsolete_html_elements

Description: Element is obsolete

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H49.Font

Description: font element is obsolete

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The font element is obsolete. Use CSS instead.

Description: font element is obsolete

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tabindex redundant

Impact: Revision risks interfering with navigation by a keyboard-only user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_tabindex_attribute

Description: Element has an implicit tabIndex value 0, but also has a tabindex attribute

Count of instances: 3

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42

Description: Heading coding is not used but the element may be intended as a heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_possible

Description: Possible heading

Count of instances: 3

Issue: navigations not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_navigation_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with the navigation role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 1

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_child_valid

Description: Child element has a role not allowed for the role of the parent

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The document is not mappable to XML 1.0 due to two consecutive hyphens in a comment.

Description: Comment contains --

Count of instances: 1

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 1

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 3

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 2

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: double br use dubious

Impact: User may be unable to get help to fully understand the text

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule pseudoP

Description: Element contains sequential br elements instead of p

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link to non-web resource

Impact: Document points to harder-to-use resources

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_pdf

Description: Link to PDF document

Count of instances: 1

Issue: false aria-hidden value risky

Impact: User may be misled by erroneously hidden or revealed document content

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_hidden_false

Description: aria-hidden attribute has the value false

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 1