Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Bite Size Vegan web page at https://bitesizevegan.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2884, the sum of 700 for the count of issues, 1734 for specific issues, 407 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 43 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 177

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 59

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 142

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r62

Description: Inline link is not distinct from the surrounding text except by color

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 21

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 71

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 128

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 32

Issue: text in Private Use Area

Impact: User cannot read all of the text

WCAG: 3.1.3

Score: 124

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Document uses the Unicode Private Use Area(s), which should not be used in publicly exchanged documents. (Charmod C073)

Description: Page includes a Unicode PUA character

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 108

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 26

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 27

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 26

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 21

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 20

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 20

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 21

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 98

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 49

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 92

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 23

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 73

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 73

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 62

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 31

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 4

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 3

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 53

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 29

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 35

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 18

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 28

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 19

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 26

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 50

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 5

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 25

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 36

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r43

Description: Element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 9

Violations of axe rules

Rule svg-img-alt

Description: Element with an img role has no text alternative

Count of instances: 5

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R21

Description: Element with an explicit role has no accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 36

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T28

Description: Percent, em, or name is used for a font size

Count of instances: 18

Issue: link element href missing

Impact: User cannot reach a promised location

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 33

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_4_8.H59.2b

Description: link element is missing a non-empty href for the linked resource

Count of instances: 11

Issue: link element href or imagesrcset missing

Impact: User cannot reach a promised location

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 33

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A link element must have an href or imagesrcset attribute, or both.

Description: link element has neither an href nor an imagesrcset attribute

Count of instances: 11

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 32

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 16

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: font small

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 30

Violations of aslint rules

Rule minimum_font_size

Description: Font size is smaller than 10 pixels

Count of instances: 10

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 28

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 7

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_input_attribute

Description: Element has an attribute that is not valid for input elements

Count of instances: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 4

Rule The itemprop attribute was specified, but the element is not a property of any item.

Description: itemprop attribute is on an element that is not a property of an item

Count of instances: 2

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 22

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 22

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 10

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 22

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 11

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 20

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_alt_attribute

Description: Image has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 5

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_img_labelled

Description: Element with an img role has no label or an empty label

Count of instances: 5

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R17

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 5

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 4

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 16

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 16

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 15

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 9

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 4

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r8

Description: Form field has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule label

Description: Form element has no label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.F68

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_label_exists

Description: Element with the role of a form control has no associated label

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R16

Description: Form control has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 11

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 11

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 10

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 10

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 10

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 10

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 9

Violations of aslint rules

Rule alt_color_convey_information

Description: Text alternative may fail to give information provided by colors

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 9

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 4

Rule The type attribute for the style element is not needed and should be omitted.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a style element

Count of instances: 5

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 2

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputEmail.Name

Description: Email input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputSearch.Name

Description: Search input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link element invalid

Impact: Document fails to get a needed external resource

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A link element with an as attribute must have a rel attribute that contains the value preload or the value modulepreload.

Description: Element has an as attribute but no rel attribute with preload or modulepreload as its value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: autocomplete missing

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 8

Violations of testaro rules

Rule autocomplete

Description: Name or email input is missing its required autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 4

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 2

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 7

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 7

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 7

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 7

Issue: select not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a list of options

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 6

Violations of axe rules

Rule select-name

Description: select element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Select.Value

Description: Select element value has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Select.Name

Description: Select element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule select_missing_label

Description: Select element has no label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: CSS invalid

Impact: Document cannot be properly displayed

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^CSS: .+: Too many values or values are not recognized.+$

Description: Invalid CSS value or too many values

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^CSS: .+: .+ is not a .+ value.*$

Description: Invalid value in CSS

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element in head invalid

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule headEl

Description: Elements in the head are not allowed there

Count of instances: 2

Issue: image alt long

Impact: Helper gives a user an overly verbose explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 6

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_long

Description: Long text alternative

Count of instances: 3

Issue: void element has trailing slash

Impact: Document contains invalid code

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 5

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Trailing slash on void elements has no effect and interacts badly with unquoted attribute values.

Description: Void element has a useless trailing slash.

Count of instances: 5

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 5

Issue: heading level skipped

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r53

Description: Heading skips one or more levels

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule heading-order

Description: Heading levels do not increase by only one

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_skipped

Description: Skipped heading level

Count of instances: 2

Issue: hr misused

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of segments of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule horizontal_rule

Description: hr element has neither a true aria-hidden attribute nor a presentation role

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hr

Description: hr instead of styles is used for vertical segmentation

Count of instances: 4

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: figure not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a figure

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule figure_label_exists

Description: figure element has no associated label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 1

Issue: script element invalid

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Element script must not have attribute defer unless attribute src is also specified.

Description: script element has a defer attribute without a src attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 4

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_orphaned

Description: Orphaned form label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: visible label not in name

Impact: User cannot get help choosing a form control to operate

WCAG: 2.5.3

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r14

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-content-name-mismatch

Description: Element visible text is not part of its accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_5_3.F96

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_name_visible

Description: Accessible name does not match or contain the visible label text

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R30

Description: Visible label is not part of the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: autocomplete invalid

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form item

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule identify_input_purpose

Description: autocomplete attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule autocomplete-valid

Description: autocomplete attribute is used incorrectly

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_autocomplete_valid

Description: autocomplete attribute has an incorrect value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image name redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule img_alt_redundant

Description: Text alternative of the link image duplicates text in the same or an adjacent link

Count of instances: 3

Issue: navigations not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_navigation_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with the navigation role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Element script must not have attribute async unless attribute src is also specified or unless attribute type is specified with value module.

Description: script element has an async attribute but has no src or value=module attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: duplicate attribute

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule dupAtt

Description: Source code of the element contains 2 or more of the same attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: no default option

Impact: User may risk erroneously submitting a form

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule select_initial_option

Description: No option has been made the default with a selected attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule p-as-heading

Description: Styled p element may be misused as a heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42

Description: Heading coding is not used but the element may be intended as a heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: option groups possibly not marked

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing groups of options

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H85.2

Description: Selection list may contain groups of related options that are not grouped with optgroup

Count of instances: 1

Issue: autocomplete dubious

Impact: User may fail to get help entering personal information in a form item

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_5.H98

Description: Element contains a potentially faulty value in its autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 1

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 47

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 11