Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Project Gutenberg web page at https://www.gutenberg.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 1479, the sum of 350 for the count of issues, 901 for specific issues, 178 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 50 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 153

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 51

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 116

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 29

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 106

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 106

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 43

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 100

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 25

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 80

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 20

Issue: main missing

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 62

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-one-main

Description: page has no main landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 40

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 6

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 32

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 16

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 22

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 11

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 20

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 4

Rule color_contrast_aaa4

Description: Text has contrast less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 9

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 20

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 5

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 20

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 4

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 17

Violations of aslint rules

Rule general_alt

Description: Image may be better described by a revised text alternative and an aria-label attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 17

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 16

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 4

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 15

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 15

Violations of wave rules

Rule title_redundant

Description: Title attribute text is the same as the text or alternative text

Count of instances: 4

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 14

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 7

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 3

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule orientation

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 2

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 1

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 5

Issue: label location dubious

Impact: User may fail to notice the explanation of an item in a form

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule incorrect_label_placement

Description: label element precedes the labeled radio button or checkbox

Count of instances: 4

Issue: control label invisible

Impact: User cannot understand how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-title-only

Description: Form control has no visible label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: label referent ineligible

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_ref_valid

Description: Value of the for attribute of the label element is not the id of a valid input element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image button not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image used as a button

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T5

Description: alt attribute not used on an image used as a submit button

Count of instances: 1

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 2

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 4

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 3

Issue: control has title instead of label

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_title

Description: Form control has a title but no label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading level skipped

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r53

Description: Heading skips one or more levels

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule heading-order

Description: Heading levels do not increase by only one

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_skipped

Description: Skipped heading level

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_suspicious

Description: Suspicious link text

Count of instances: 2

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 2

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tabindex positive

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot predict the navigation sequence

WCAG: 2.4.3

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule positive_tabindex

Description: Element has a positive tabIndex value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule tabindex

Description: Positive tabIndex risks creating a confusing focus order

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule tabindex

Description: tabIndex value positive

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: nearby images have same alt

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating two adjacent images

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_duplicate

Description: Two images near each other have the same text alternative

Count of instances: 1