Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Hearts & Homes for Refugees web page at https://www.heartsandhomesforrefugees.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2881, the sum of 640 for the count of issues, 1760 for specific issues, 334 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 143 for browser warnings, and 4 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 249

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 83

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 186

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 93

Issue: font small

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 165

Violations of aslint rules

Rule minimum_font_size

Description: Font size is smaller than 10 pixels

Count of instances: 55

Violations of wave rules

Rule text_small

Description: Text is very small

Count of instances: 1

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 142

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 16

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 71

Issue: h1 not 1st heading

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r61

Description: First heading is not h1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: h1 missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of aslint rules

Rule h1_must_be

Description: Page contains no h1 element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule page-has-heading-one

Description: Document contains no level-one heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule h1_missing

Description: Missing first level heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 92

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 13

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 13

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 13

Rule QW-WCAG-T21

Description: Accessible name is not provided for an image which is the only content in a link

Count of instances: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_link_missing

Description: Linked image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 10

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 68

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 7

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 12

Issue: page content moves spontaneously

Impact: Motion-sensitive user may suffer harm

WCAG: 2.2.2

Score: 62

Violations of testaro rules

Rule motion

Description: Change of visible content not requested by user

Count of instances: 1

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 48

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 12

Issue: operable element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to an operable item

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 44

Violations of testaro rules

Rule opFoc

Description: Operable element is not Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 11

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 42

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 7

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 42

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 6

Issue: image has no src

Impact: Image to be shown cannot be found

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 40

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Element img is missing required attribute src.

Description: img element has no src attribute

Count of instances: 10

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 32

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 16

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 7

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 32

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed here.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed here

Count of instances: 2

Rule ^Attribute .+ is not serializable as XML 1\.0.*$

Description: Attribute is invalidly nonserializable

Count of instances: 2

Rule The itemprop attribute was specified, but the element is not a property of any item.

Description: itemprop attribute is on an element that is not a property of an item

Count of instances: 4

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 24

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 6

Issue: meta invalid

Impact: Document fails to include needed data

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A meta element with an http-equiv attribute whose value is X-UA-Compatible must have a content attribute with the value IE=edge.

Description: Element with http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" has no content="IE=edge"

Count of instances: 1

Rule A charset attribute on a meta element found after the first 1024 bytes.

Description: charset attribute on a meta element appears after 1024 bytes

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Bad value .+ for attribute .+ on element meta.*$

Description: Attribute of a meta element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element meta at this point.*$

Description: Attribute is not allowed on a meta element here

Count of instances: 2

Rule ^Element meta is missing one or more of the following attributes: .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 2

Rule A document must not include both a meta element with an http-equiv attribute whose value is content-type, and a meta element with a charset attribute.

Description: Element with http-equiv="content-type" is incompatible with the meta element with a charset attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 20

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 10

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 16

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 4

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 15

Violations of aslint rules

Rule alt_color_convey_information

Description: Text alternative may fail to give information provided by colors

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 15

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_suspicious

Description: Image text alternative is suspicious

Count of instances: 2

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 15

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 5

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r8

Description: Form field has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule label

Description: Form element has no label

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.F68

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_label_exists

Description: Element with the role of a form control has no associated label

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R16

Description: Form control has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputButton.Name

Description: Button input element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of aslint rules

Rule label_inappropriate_associationM

Description: Element referenced by the for attribute is missing

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H44.NonExistentFragment

Description: Label for attribute references a nonexistent element

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_orphaned

Description: Orphaned form label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputText.Name

Description: Text input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Issue: figure not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a figure

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule figure_label_exists

Description: figure element has no associated label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: label referent ineligible

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_ref_valid

Description: Value of the for attribute of the label element is not the id of a valid input element

Count of instances: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The value of the for attribute of the label element must be the ID of a non-hidden form control.

Description: for attribute of the label element does not reference a non-hidden form control

Count of instances: 3

Issue: CSS invalid

Impact: Document cannot be properly displayed

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 12

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule CSS: Parse Error.

Description: Invalid CSS

Count of instances: 3

Rule ^CSS: .+: .+ is not a .+ value.*$

Description: Invalid value in CSS

Count of instances: 1

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 3

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 3

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 10

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 10

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T28

Description: Percent, em, or name is used for a font size

Count of instances: 4

Issue: image alt long

Impact: Helper gives a user an overly verbose explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 8

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_long

Description: Long text alternative

Count of instances: 4

Issue: image named with filename

Impact: Helper gives a user the filename of an image instead of describing it

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 6

Violations of aslint rules

Rule alt_text_include_filename

Description: Image text alternative includes a filename

Count of instances: 2

Issue: navigations not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_navigation_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with the navigation role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 2

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The document is not mappable to XML 1.0 due to two consecutive hyphens in a comment.

Description: Comment contains --

Count of instances: 2

Issue: autocomplete missing

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule autocomplete

Description: Name or email input is missing its required autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 3

Issue: duplicate attribute

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule dupAtt

Description: Source code of the element contains 2 or more of the same attribute

Count of instances: 4

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 6

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 5

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 4

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 4

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 1

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 4

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 3

Issue: attribute obsolete

Impact: Document includes obsolete code that the browser may fail to process

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule obsolete_html_attributes

Description: Element has an obsolete attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ attribute on the .+ element is obsolete.+$

Description: Attribute is obsolete on its element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: landmarks not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-unique

Description: Landmark has a role and an accessible name that are identical to another

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_landmark_name_unique

Description: Multiple landmarks with the same parent region are not distinguished from one another

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 3

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 3

Issue: element beyond display when focused

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focVis

Description: Element when focused is off the display

Count of instances: 1

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 2

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42

Description: Heading coding is not used but the element may be intended as a heading

Count of instances: 2

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tabindex positive

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot predict the navigation sequence

WCAG: 2.4.3

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule positive_tabindex

Description: Element has a positive tabIndex value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule tabindex

Description: Positive tabIndex risks creating a confusing focus order

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule tabindex

Description: tabIndex value positive

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: article heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Article lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all articles.

Description: article has no heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 2

Issue: all-italic text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule font_style_italic

Description: Text longer than 80 characters has an italic font style

Count of instances: 1