Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Breakthrough Institute web page at https://thebreakthrough.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2649, the sum of 610 for the count of issues, 1579 for specific issues, 377 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 66 for browser warnings, and 17 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 176

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 88

Issue: focusable element hidden

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 124

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r17

Description: Tab-focusable element is or has an ancestor that is aria-hidden

Count of instances: 15

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-hidden-focus

Description: ARIA hidden element is focusable or contains a focusable element

Count of instances: 15

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_hidden_nontabbable

Description: Element has an ancestor with a true aria-hidden attribute but is focusable

Count of instances: 31

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R13

Description: Element with aria-hidden has focusable content

Count of instances: 15

Issue: multiple mains

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 124

Violations of aslint rules

Rule main_element_only_one

Description: Document has more than 1 main landmark

Count of instances: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A document must not include more than one visible main element.

Description: Page includes more than 1 visible main element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 116

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 29

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 102

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 34

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 78

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 29

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 39

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 72

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 14

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 16

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 15

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 18

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 72

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 36

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 20

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 70

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 18

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 51

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 19

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 20

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 66

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 66

Issue: page content moves spontaneously

Impact: Motion-sensitive user may suffer harm

WCAG: 2.2.2

Score: 62

Violations of testaro rules

Rule motion

Description: Change of visible content not requested by user

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 45

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 15

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 32

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 4

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 19

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 6

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 32

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 8

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 31

Violations of aslint rules

Rule alt_color_convey_information

Description: Text alternative may fail to give information provided by colors

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 31

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_suspicious

Description: Image text alternative is suspicious

Count of instances: 3

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 30

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 15

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 24

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 6

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Duplicate ID .+$|^The first occurrence of ID .* was here.*$

Description: Duplicate id

Count of instances: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 6

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 5

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 5

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r2

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_alt_attribute

Description: Image has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule image-alt

Description: Image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H37

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An img element must have an alt attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R17

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_missing

Description: Text alternative is missing

Count of instances: 1

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 17

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 17

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 16

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 4

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 14

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 7

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_label_exists

Description: Element with the role of a form control has no associated label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 3

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 6

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 3

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 10

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r74

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute font size

Count of instances: 5

Issue: autocomplete invalid

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form item

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 9

Violations of aslint rules

Rule identify_input_purpose

Description: autocomplete attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 3

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 9

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_tabbable_role_valid

Description: Tabbable element has a non-widget role

Count of instances: 2

Rule aria_child_valid

Description: Child element has a role not allowed for the role of the parent

Count of instances: 1

Issue: control child of link or button

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The element a must not appear as a descendant of an element with the attribute role=link.

Description: a element is a descendant of an element with a link role

Count of instances: 3

Issue: element beyond display when focused

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 9

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focVis

Description: Element when focused is off the display

Count of instances: 3

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputEmail.Name

Description: Email input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 2

Issue: iframe not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of an embedded document

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R10

Description: iframe elements with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 7

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 7

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 7

Issue: focusable element not active

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 6

Violations of axe rules

Rule focus-order-semantics

Description: Focusable element has no active role

Count of instances: 2

Issue: dubious aria-label

Impact: User may fail to get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Possible misuse of aria-label. (If you disagree with this warning, file an issue report or send e-mail to www-validator@w3.org.)

Description: aria-label attribute may be misused

Count of instances: 5

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 5

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r12

Description: Button has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule button-name

Description: Button has no discernible text

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Button.Name

Description: Button element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: descendant missing

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot operate a custom tool

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r68

Description: Element does not own an element required by its semantic role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_labelledby_associationN

Description: Element referenced by the aria-labelledby attribute is missing

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The aria-labelledby attribute must point to an element in the same document.

Description: aria-labelledby attribute references an element not in the document

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-valid-attr-value

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: operable element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to an operable item

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule opFoc

Description: Operable element is not Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria reference invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule aria_reference_broken

Description: Broken ARIA reference

Count of instances: 1

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 3

Issue: negative text-indent

Impact: Helper may hide content from the user

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule incorrect_technique_for_hiding_content

Description: Element has a text-indent style with a negative value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 3

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 3

Issue: meta invalid

Impact: Document fails to include needed data

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .+ for attribute .+ on element meta.*$

Description: Attribute of a meta element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 3

Issue: image name redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_redundant

Description: Redundant text alternative

Count of instances: 3

Issue: focusable element inoperable

Impact: Inoperability of an item violates a user expectation

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focOp

Description: Tab-focusable element is inoperable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: complementary not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_complementary_labelled

Description: Element with a complementary role has no label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-italic text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r85

Description: Text of the paragraph is all italic

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allSlanted

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 40 italic or oblique characters

Count of instances: 2

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 63

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 26