Accessibility digest

Synopsis
Page	Migration Policy Institute
URL	https://www.migrationpolicy.org/
Requester	pool@jpdev.pro
Test date	2023/11/20
Score	3590
Tested by	Testaro, procedure `ts37a`
Scored by	Testilo, procedure `tsp38`
Digested by	Testilo, procedure `tdp38`
Derived from	Full report

Introduction

How accessible is the Migration Policy Institute web page at https://www.migrationpolicy.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 3590, the sum of 660 for the count of issues, 2070 for specific issues, 650 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 210 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Summary of issues
Issue	WCAG	Score	Tools reporting the issue
text contrast improvable	1.4.6	278	`alfa`, `aslint`, `axe`, `htmlcs`
text contrast poor	1.4.3	276	`alfa`, `axe`, `wave`
focus indication poor	2.4.7	148	`alfa`, `testaro`
meta bans zoom	1.4.4	124	`alfa`, `aslint`, `axe`, `qualWeb`
fatal error	4.1	124	`nuVal`
ID not unique	4.1.1	112	`alfa`, `aslint`, `htmlcs`, `qualWeb`
link not named	2.4.4	104	`alfa`, `aslint`, `axe`, `htmlcs`, `qualWeb`, `wave`
links named identically	2.4.4	96	`aslint`, `qualWeb`
attribute invalid	1.3.1	72	`nuVal`
main missing	1.3.6	62	`axe`
content beyond landmarks	1.3.6	56	`alfa`, `axe`
image not named	1.1.1	48	`alfa`, `aslint`, `axe`, `qualWeb`
nav links not list	1.3.1	44	`htmlcs`, `qualWeb`
text contrast issues not testable	1.4.3	44	`htmlcs`
error reference invalid	3.3.1	36	`qualWeb`
title attribute redundant	1.3.1	35	`wave`
large visible-element count	2.4	31	`testaro`
control not named	4.1.2	28	`alfa`, `axe`, `htmlcs`, `qualWeb`, `wave`
image dubiously named	1.1.1	28	`aslint`, `qualWeb`
CSS bans rotation	1.3.4	28	`aslint`
text and image link not combined	2.4.4	28	`wave`
link indication poor	1.3.3	24	`aslint`
code invalid	4.1	24	`nuVal`
button not named	4.1.2	16	`axe`, `htmlcs`, `wave`
font small	1.4	15	`aslint`, `wave`
heading structure illogical	1.3.1	14	`aslint`, `htmlcs`
line height low	1.4.8	12	`alfa`, `testaro`
element closure invalid	4.1.1	12	`nuVal`
tab-opening link action possibly unstated	3.2.5	10	`aslint`, `htmlcs`, `testaro`
code obsolete	4.1	9	`ibm`, `nuVal`
skip method possibly missing or invalid	2.4.1	8	`alfa`
link name dubious	2.4.4	8	`aslint`, `wave`
link destination not URL	1.3.1	8	`aslint`
input not named	4.1.2	8	`htmlcs`
labeling risky	3.3.2	7	`aslint`
duplicate attribute	4.1.1	7	`testaro`
heading level skipped	1.3.1	6	`alfa`, `axe`, `wave`
negative text-indent	4.1	6	`aslint`
attribute obsolete	4.1	6	`aslint`, `nuVal`
element in head invalid	4.1.1	6	`testaro`
aria attribute missing	4.1.2	4	`alfa`, `qualWeb`
label referent ineligible	1.3.1	4	`aslint`, `htmlcs`
iframe not named	4.1.2	4	`aslint`, `htmlcs`
list unordered type dubious	1.3.1	4	`htmlcs`
link element invalid	1.3.1	4	`htmlcs`
label reference invalid	1.3.1	4	`wave`
visible label not in name	2.5.3	3	`alfa`, `qualWeb`
table headers missing	1.3.1	3	`aslint`
select not named	4.1.2	3	`axe`, `htmlcs`, `wave`
meta invalid	1.3.1	3	`nuVal`
table not marked as such	1.3.1	3	`qualWeb`
target small	2.5.5	3	`testaro`
link href missing	1.3.1	2	`aslint`
links dubiously share name	2.4.4	2	`axe`
image dubiously marked decorative	1.1.1	2	`htmlcs`
table misused	1.3.1	2	`qualWeb`, `wave`
cell headers possibly ambiguous	1.3.1	2	`qualWeb`
role redundant	4.1.2	2	`testaro`
image alt long	1.1.1	2	`wave`
title attribute empty	1.3.1	1	`aslint`
table caption missing	1.3.1	1	`aslint`, `qualWeb`
heading-like styles dubious	1.3.1	1	`htmlcs`
option groups possibly not marked	1.3.1	1	`htmlcs`
text distortion	3.1.5	1	`testaro`
noscript element possibly not equivalent	4.1	1	`wave`
all-capital text	3.1.5	0	`aslint`, `testaro`

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 278

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r66`

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 72

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `color_contrast_aaa`

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 268

Rule `color_contrast_aaa7`

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 10

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `color-contrast-enhanced`

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 4

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail`

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 10

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 276

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r69`

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 66

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `color-contrast`

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 69

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `contrast`

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 41

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 148

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r65`

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 37

Violations of `testaro` rules

Rule `focInd`

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 1

Issue: meta bans zoom

Impact: User cannot adjust the document size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 124

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r47`

Description: Element restricts zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `zoom_disabled`

Description: Element specifies a minimum or maximum scale or prohibits zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `meta-viewport`

Description: Zooming and scaling are disabled

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R14`

Description: meta viewport prevents zoom

Count of instances: 1

Issue: fatal error

Impact: Document prevents testing for accessibility

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 124

Violations of `nuVal` rules

Rule `Cannot recover after last error. Any further errors will be ignored.`

Description: Testing was interrupted by a fatal error

Count of instances: 1

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 112

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r3`

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 28

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `duplicated_id_attribute`

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 28

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.4_1_1.F77`

Description: Duplicate id attribute value

Count of instances: 14

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R18`

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 28

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 104

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r11`

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 7

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `empty_link_element`

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 15

Rule `img_empty_alt_in_link`

Description: Element is an image in a link but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 2

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `link-name`

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 7

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Empty`

Description: a element has an id attribute but no href attribute or text

Count of instances: 1

Rule `AAA.1_1_1.H30.2`

Description: img element is the only link content but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 8

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R12`

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 13

Rule `QW-WCAG-T21`

Description: Accessible name is not provided for an image which is the only content in a link

Count of instances: 13

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `alt_link_missing`

Description: Linked image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 14

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 96

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `links_same_content_different_url`

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 48

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R9`

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 40

Rule `QW-ACT-R44`

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 4

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 72

Violations of `nuVal` rules

Rule `^Attribute .+ not allowed here.*$`

Description: Attribute not allowed here

Count of instances: 9

Rule `^Attribute .+ is not serializable as XML 1\.0.*$`

Description: Attribute is invalidly nonserializable

Count of instances: 9

Issue: main missing

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 62

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `landmark-one-main`

Description: page has no main landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 56

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r57`

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 56

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `region`

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 7

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 48

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r2`

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 6

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `missing_alt_attribute`

Description: Image has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 12

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `image-alt`

Description: Image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 6

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R17`

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 12

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 44

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_3_1.H48`

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-WCAG-T32`

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 22

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 44

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs`

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 3

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage`

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 35

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs`

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage`

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 5

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 36

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R41`

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 9

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 35

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `title_redundant`

Description: Title attribute text is the same as the text or alternative text

Count of instances: 35

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of `testaro` rules

Rule `bulk`

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 28

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r8`

Description: Form field has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `label`

Description: Form element has no label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_3_1.F68`

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 3

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R16`

Description: Form control has no accessible name

Count of instances: 7

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `label_missing`

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 6

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 28

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `alt_color_convey_information`

Description: Text alternative may fail to give information provided by colors

Count of instances: 1

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-WCAG-T8`

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 28

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 28

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `orientation`

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 7

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 28

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `link_redundant`

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 14

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 24

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision`

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 12

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 24

Introduction

Issue summary

Itemized issues

Issue: text contrast improvable

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Issue: text contrast poor

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Issue: focus indication poor

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Issue: meta bans zoom

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r47

Violations of aslint rules

Rule zoom_disabled

Violations of axe rules

Rule meta-viewport

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R14

Issue: fatal error

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Cannot recover after last error. Any further errors will be ignored.

Issue: ID not unique

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_1.F77

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Issue: link not named

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Rule img_empty_alt_in_link

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Empty

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H30.2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Rule QW-WCAG-T21

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_link_missing

Issue: links named identically

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Issue: attribute invalid

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed here.*$

Rule ^Attribute .+ is not serializable as XML 1\.0.*$

Issue: main missing

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-one-main

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r66`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `color_contrast_aaa`

Rule `color_contrast_aaa7`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `color-contrast-enhanced`

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r69`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `color-contrast`

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `contrast`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r65`

Violations of `testaro` rules

Rule `focInd`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r47`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `zoom_disabled`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `meta-viewport`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R14`

Violations of `nuVal` rules

Rule `Cannot recover after last error. Any further errors will be ignored.`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r3`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `duplicated_id_attribute`

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.4_1_1.F77`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R18`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r11`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `empty_link_element`

Rule `img_empty_alt_in_link`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `link-name`

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Empty`

Rule `AAA.1_1_1.H30.2`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R12`

Rule `QW-WCAG-T21`

Violations of `wave` rules

Rule `alt_link_missing`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `links_same_content_different_url`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R9`

Rule `QW-ACT-R44`

Violations of `nuVal` rules

Rule `^Attribute .+ not allowed here.*$`

Rule `^Attribute .+ is not serializable as XML 1\.0.*$`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `landmark-one-main`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r57`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `region`

Violations of `alfa` rules

Rule `r2`

Violations of `aslint` rules

Rule `missing_alt_attribute`

Violations of `axe` rules

Rule `image-alt`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-ACT-R17`

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_3_1.H48`

Violations of `qualWeb` rules

Rule `QW-WCAG-T32`

Violations of `htmlcs` rules

Rule `AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs`