Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the New Incentives web page at https://www.newincentives.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 3754, the sum of 590 for the count of issues, 2188 for specific issues, 910 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 66 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 360

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 90

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 48

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 89

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 54

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 226

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 226

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 41

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 45

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 199

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 122

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 76

Rule color_contrast_aaa4

Description: Text has contrast less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 89

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 192

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 46

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 96

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 168

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 56

Issue: page language missing

Impact: Speaking helper may mispronounce the document text

WCAG: 3.1.1

Score: 124

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r4

Description: lang attribute missing, empty, or only whitespace

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule html_lang_attrN

Description: lang attribute missing from the html element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule html-has-lang

Description: html element has no lang attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_1_1.H57.2

Description: html element has no lang or xml:lang attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule html_lang_exists

Description: Page detected as HTML, but has no lang attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^This document appears to be written in .+ Consider .+ing lang=.+$

Description: html start tag has no lang attribute to declare the language of the page

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R2

Description: HTML page has no lang attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule language_missing

Description: Language missing or invalid

Count of instances: 1

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 113

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 113

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 100

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 13

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 13

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_1.F77

Description: Duplicate id attribute value

Count of instances: 7

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 8

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Duplicate ID .+$|^The first occurrence of ID .* was here.*$

Description: Duplicate id

Count of instances: 16

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 25

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 74

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 37

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 68

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 7

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 9

Rule img_empty_alt_in_link

Description: Element is an image in a link but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 8

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H30.2

Description: img element is the only link content but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 7

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Rule QW-WCAG-T21

Description: Accessible name is not provided for an image which is the only content in a link

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_link_missing

Description: Linked image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 7

Issue: main missing

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 62

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-one-main

Description: page has no main landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 60

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 15

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 47

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 47

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: font small

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 27

Violations of wave rules

Rule text_small

Description: Text is very small

Count of instances: 9

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 24

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 3

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 22

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 11

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 5

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 22

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 12

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 8

Issue: tabindex redundant

Impact: Revision risks interfering with navigation by a keyboard-only user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_tabindex_attribute

Description: Element has an implicit tabIndex value 0, but also has a tabindex attribute

Count of instances: 20

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 17

Issue: invalid landmark child of navigation role

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 16

Violations of aslint rules

Rule navigation_landmark_restrictions

Description: Element with a navigation role contains a landmark other than region and search

Count of instances: 4

Issue: heading level skipped

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 14

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r53

Description: Heading skips one or more levels

Count of instances: 7

Violations of axe rules

Rule heading-order

Description: Heading levels do not increase by only one

Count of instances: 6

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_skipped

Description: Skipped heading level

Count of instances: 7

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 14

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 14

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 13

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 14

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 14

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 14

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.F68

Description: Form control has no label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: input not named

Impact: User cannot get help on what information to enter in a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputEmail.Name

Description: Email input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.InputText.Name

Description: Text input has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 3

Issue: heading heads nothing

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 10

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r78

Description: No content between two headings of the same level

Count of instances: 5

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 10

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 5

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule img_adjacent_duplicate_text_link

Description: Link and an adjacent link are logically 1 link but are not combined

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 2

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 8

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 8

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 7

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 7

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 7

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 7

Issue: attribute obsolete

Impact: Document includes obsolete code that the browser may fail to process

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 6

Violations of aslint rules

Rule obsolete_html_attributes

Description: Element has an obsolete attribute

Count of instances: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ attribute on the .+ element is obsolete.+$

Description: Attribute is obsolete on its element

Count of instances: 2

Issue: forms not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_form_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with a form role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 2

Issue: landmarks not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_landmark_name_unique

Description: Multiple landmarks with the same parent region are not distinguished from one another

Count of instances: 2

Issue: autocomplete missing

Impact: User cannot get help entering personal information in a form

WCAG: 1.3.5

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule autocomplete

Description: Name or email input is missing its required autocomplete attribute

Count of instances: 3

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link element invalid

Impact: Document fails to get a needed external resource

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_4_8.H59.1

Description: Element is not in the document head

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 4

Issue: visible label not in name

Impact: User cannot get help choosing a form control to operate

WCAG: 2.5.3

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r14

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_5_3.F96

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_name_visible

Description: Accessible name does not match or contain the visible label text

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R30

Description: Visible label is not part of the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 3

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 3

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule position_sticky

Description: Element has a sticky position

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 3

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 1

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link to non-web resource

Impact: Document points to harder-to-use resources

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_pdf

Description: Link to PDF document

Count of instances: 3

Issue: custom button possibly keyboard-inoperable

Impact: Custom item may prevent a keyboard-only user from operating it

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_button_space_key

Description: Element has a button role but may fail to be keyboard-operable

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link href missing

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_href_on_a

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTo

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 2

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42

Description: Heading coding is not used but the element may be intended as a heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text and image link may merit combination

Impact: Keyboard-only user may expend extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H2.EG4

Description: Adjacent links, one with text and the other with a textless image, may merit combination

Count of instances: 1

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: audio or video alternatives possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help reading video content as text

WCAG: 1.2.2

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule youtube_video

Description: YouTube video may have no or incorrect captions

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 32