Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Freedom from Religion Foundation web page at https://ffrf.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 4583, the sum of 700 for the count of issues, 2927 for specific issues, 875 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 76 for browser warnings, and 5 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 568

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 142

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 331

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 55

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 331

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 32

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 28

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 55

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 168

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 84

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 159

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 53

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 136

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 34

Issue: meta bans zoom

Impact: User cannot adjust the document size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 124

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r47

Description: Element restricts zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule zoom_disabled

Description: Element specifies a minimum or maximum scale or prohibits zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule meta-viewport

Description: Zooming and scaling are disabled

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Consider avoiding viewport values that prevent users from resizing documents.

Description: viewport value prevents users from resizing the document

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R14

Description: meta viewport prevents zoom

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 116

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r62

Description: Inline link is not distinct from the surrounding text except by color

Count of instances: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 35

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 58

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 116

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 29

Issue: focusable element hidden

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 100

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r17

Description: Tab-focusable element is or has an ancestor that is aria-hidden

Count of instances: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_hidden_nontabbable

Description: Element has an ancestor with a true aria-hidden attribute but is focusable

Count of instances: 25

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R13

Description: Element with aria-hidden has focusable content

Count of instances: 16

Issue: h1 not 1st heading

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r61

Description: First heading is not h1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: h1 missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 93

Violations of aslint rules

Rule h1_must_be

Description: Page contains no h1 element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule page-has-heading-one

Description: Document contains no level-one heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule h1_missing

Description: Missing first level heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 88

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 21

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 21

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 22

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 8

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 70

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 35

Issue: main missing

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 62

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-one-main

Description: page has no main landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 62

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T28

Description: Percent, em, or name is used for a font size

Count of instances: 31

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 60

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 30

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 56

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 28

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 55

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 55

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 54

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 36

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 18

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 15

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 32

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 7

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 8

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 32

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 8

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading level skipped

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 30

Violations of axe rules

Rule heading-order

Description: Heading levels do not increase by only one

Count of instances: 15

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_skipped

Description: Skipped heading level

Count of instances: 1

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 28

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r12

Description: Button has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule button-name

Description: Button has no discernible text

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Button.Name

Description: Button element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R11

Description: Button has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 7

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 27

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 23

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 17

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 27

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 19

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 19

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 3

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 13

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_attribute_valid

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 15

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_tabbable_role_valid

Description: Tabbable element has a non-widget role

Count of instances: 4

Rule aria_contentinfo_misuse

Description: Element with a contentinfo role is present without an element with a main role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 4

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 12

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 10

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 10

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 9

Issue: code invalid

Impact: Invalid code in the document may prevent a helper from working

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element name .+ cannot be represented as XML 1\.0.*$

Description: Invalid element name

Count of instances: 1

Rule The document is not mappable to XML 1.0 due to two consecutive hyphens in a comment.

Description: Comment contains --

Count of instances: 2

Issue: table not marked as such

Impact: Helper misinforms a user about whether items are cells of a table

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 9

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T18

Description: Table markup not used to present tabular information

Count of instances: 3

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r18

Description: ARIA state or property is not allowed for the element on which it is specified

Count of instances: 2

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: iframe not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of an embedded document

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule title_iframe

Description: Element is an iframe or object but its title attribute is missing or empty

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_4_1.H64.1

Description: iframe element has no non-empty title attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1_AAA.G141

Description: Heading level is incorrect

Count of instances: 2

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_label_exists

Description: Element with the role of a form control has no associated label

Count of instances: 2

Issue: table misused

Impact: Helper misinforms a user about whether items are cells of a table

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T12

Description: th or caption element or non-empty summary attribute used in a layout table

Count of instances: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule nonTable

Description: table element fails the structural requirements for tabular data

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule table_layout

Description: table element is misused to arrange content

Count of instances: 3

Issue: cell headers possibly ambiguous

Impact: User may be unable to get help on relationships in a table

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T14

Description: id and headers attributes not used to associate data cells with header cells in a data table

Count of instances: 3

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 2

Issue: dialog not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaining a pop-up window

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_role_dialog

Description: Element has a dialog role but has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule orientation

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 1

Issue: type invalid

Impact: Document styles are at risk of corruption

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The only allowed value for the type attribute for the style element is text/css (with no parameters). (But the attribute is not needed and should be omitted altogether.)

Description: type attribute is invalid

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An img element must have an alt attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image name redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_redundant

Description: Redundant text alternative

Count of instances: 4

Issue: negative text-indent

Impact: Helper may hide content from the user

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule incorrect_technique_for_hiding_content

Description: Element has a text-indent style with a negative value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: font small

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule minimum_font_size

Description: Font size is smaller than 10 pixels

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule text_small

Description: Text is very small

Count of instances: 1

Issue: CSS invalid

Impact: Document cannot be properly displayed

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^CSS: .+: .+ is not a .+ value.*$

Description: Invalid value in CSS

Count of instances: 1

Issue: invalid character

Impact: Invalid character makes the document behave correctly

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad element name .*: Code point .* is not allowed*$

Description: Element name contains an invalid character

Count of instances: 1

Issue: table caption missing

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a table

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T2

Description: caption element not used to associate a caption with a data table

Count of instances: 3

Issue: form submission button missing

Impact: User cannot easily submit a form

WCAG: 3.2.2

Score: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T19

Description: Submit button not provided

Count of instances: 1

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule title_redundant

Description: Title attribute text is the same as the text or alternative text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 3

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 3

Issue: heading heads nothing

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r78

Description: No content between two headings of the same level

Count of instances: 1

Issue: list unordered type dubious

Impact: User may be unable to get help on whether a list is ordered

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48.2

Description: Ordered list may fail to be coded as such

Count of instances: 2

Issue: void element has trailing slash

Impact: Document contains invalid code

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Trailing slash on void elements has no effect and interacts badly with unquoted attribute values.

Description: Void element has a useless trailing slash.

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 1

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute for the style element is not needed and should be omitted.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a style element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 1

Issue: duplicate attribute

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule dupAtt

Description: Source code of the element contains 2 or more of the same attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 132

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 21