Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Benetech web page at https://benetech.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2938, the sum of 650 for the count of issues, 1693 for specific issues, 334 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 248 for browser warnings, and 13 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 192

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 48

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 5

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 33

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 22

Issue: meta bans zoom

Impact: User cannot adjust the document size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 124

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r47

Description: Element restricts zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule zoom_disabled

Description: Element specifies a minimum or maximum scale or prohibits zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule meta-viewport

Description: Zooming and scaling are disabled

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Consider avoiding viewport values that prevent users from resizing documents.

Description: viewport value prevents users from resizing the document

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R14

Description: meta viewport prevents zoom

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 100

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-prohibited-attr

Description: Element has an attribute that is not valid for the role of the element

Count of instances: 16

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_attribute_valid

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 25

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 3

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 92

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 23

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 90

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 30

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 76

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 38

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 74

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 10

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 37

Issue: image has no src

Impact: Image to be shown cannot be found

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 72

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Element img is missing required attribute src.

Description: img element has no src attribute

Count of instances: 18

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 72

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An img element must have an alt attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 18

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 64

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r18

Description: ARIA state or property is not allowed for the element on which it is specified

Count of instances: 16

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 61

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 54

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 30

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 9

Rule color_contrast_aaa4

Description: Text has contrast less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 22

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 16

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 21

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 10

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 56

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 14

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 40

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 10

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 40

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 6

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Duplicate ID .+$|^The first occurrence of ID .* was here.*$

Description: Duplicate id

Count of instances: 10

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 34

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 17

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 32

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 8

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: invalid landmark child of navigation role

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 28

Violations of aslint rules

Rule navigation_landmark_restrictions

Description: Element with a navigation role contains a landmark other than region and search

Count of instances: 7

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 28

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 14

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 26

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 13

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 9

Issue: dubious aria-label

Impact: User may fail to get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 26

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Possible misuse of aria-label. (If you disagree with this warning, file an issue report or send e-mail to www-validator@w3.org.)

Description: aria-label attribute may be misused

Count of instances: 26

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 19

Rule The type attribute for the style element is not needed and should be omitted.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a style element

Count of instances: 5

Issue: overflow possibly hidden

Impact: User may be unable to enlarge the text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 21

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R40

Description: Zoomed text node may be clipped by a CSS overflow declaration

Count of instances: 21

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 19

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 19

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 19

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 19

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 16

Violations of aslint rules

Rule orientation

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 4

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 4

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 16

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 16

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 15

Violations of aslint rules

Rule alt_color_convey_information

Description: Text alternative may fail to give information provided by colors

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 15

Issue: heading names repeated

Impact: User cannot differentiate parts of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 14

Violations of testaro rules

Rule headingAmb

Description: Heading has the same text as a previous sibling heading at the same level

Count of instances: 7

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 13

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 13

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 12

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 3

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 10

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 10

Issue: visible label not in name

Impact: User cannot get help choosing a form control to operate

WCAG: 2.5.3

Score: 9

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r14

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-content-name-mismatch

Description: Element visible text is not part of its accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_5_3.F96

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_name_visible

Description: Accessible name does not match or contain the visible label text

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R30

Description: Visible label is not part of the accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: attribute obsolete

Impact: Document includes obsolete code that the browser may fail to process

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 9

Violations of aslint rules

Rule obsolete_html_attributes

Description: Element has an obsolete attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ attribute on the .+ element is obsolete.+$

Description: Attribute is obsolete on its element

Count of instances: 3

Issue: meta invalid

Impact: Document fails to include needed data

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element meta at this point.*$

Description: Attribute is not allowed on a meta element here

Count of instances: 1

Rule A meta element with an http-equiv attribute whose value is X-UA-Compatible must have a content attribute with the value IE=edge.

Description: Element with http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" has no content="IE=edge"

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Element meta is missing one or more of the following attributes: .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: title attribute empty

Impact: Hovering does not get the promised explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 7

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_title_attribute

Description: title attribute of the element is empty or only whitespace

Count of instances: 14

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 2

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_tabbable_role_valid

Description: Tabbable element has a non-widget role

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 3

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 5

Issue: iframe not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of an embedded document

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r13

Description: iframe has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule title_iframe

Description: Element is an iframe or object but its title attribute is missing or empty

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule frame-title

Description: Frame has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_4_1.H64.1

Description: iframe element has no non-empty title attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule frame_title_exists

Description: Inline frame has no title attribute

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R19

Description: iframe element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 4

Issue: link href missing

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_href_on_a

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTo

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: focusable element hidden

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_aria_on_focusable_element

Description: Visible focusable element has a true aria-hidden attribute or a presentation role

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R13

Description: Element with aria-hidden has focusable content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 3

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria reference invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_id_unique

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid or duplicated id as its value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule aria_reference_broken

Description: Broken ARIA reference

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute missing

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ is missing required attribute .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria-describedby invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in detail

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The aria-describedby attribute must point to an element in the same document.

Description: aria-describedby attribute references an element not in the document

Count of instances: 1

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: operable element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to an operable item

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule opFoc

Description: Operable element is not Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: form submission button missing

Impact: User cannot easily submit a form

WCAG: 3.2.2

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_submit_button

Description: Element is a form but contains no input or button element for submission

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_2.H32.2

Description: Form has no submit button

Count of instances: 1

Issue: focusable element not active

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule focus-order-semantics

Description: Focusable element has no active role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: landmarks not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-unique

Description: Landmark has a role and an accessible name that are identical to another

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 3

Issue: link incomplete

Impact: User may fail to reach a promised location

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Placeholder

Description: Link has text but no href, id, or name attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 1

Issue: tabindex redundant

Impact: Revision risks interfering with navigation by a keyboard-only user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule misused_tabindex_attribute

Description: Element has an implicit tabIndex value 0, but also has a tabindex attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image dubiously marked decorative

Impact: Helper ignores an image that is apparently informative

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H67.2

Description: Image marked as decorative may be informative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: false aria-hidden value risky

Impact: User may be misled by erroneously hidden or revealed document content

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_hidden_false

Description: aria-hidden attribute has the value false

Count of instances: 3

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 36

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 9