Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Evidence Action web page at https://www.evidenceaction.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2801, the sum of 570 for the count of issues, 1696 for specific issues, 359 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 168 for browser warnings, and 8 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 236

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 59

Issue: color missing

Impact: Content is impossible to perceive under some conditions

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 160

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T31

Description: Foreground or background color is specified but not both

Count of instances: 40

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 132

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 9

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 66

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 116

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 28

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 29

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 6

Issue: element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 116

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focAll

Description: Discrepancy between elements that should be and that are Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 58

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 108

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 22

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 54

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 81

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 27

Issue: figure not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a figure

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 72

Violations of ibm rules

Rule figure_label_exists

Description: figure element has no associated label

Count of instances: 18

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 68

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 17

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Empty

Description: a element has an id attribute but no href attribute or text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 66

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 28

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 60

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 6

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 6

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 2

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 60

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 15

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 48

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 12

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 40

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Button.Name

Description: Button element has no accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R11

Description: Button has no accessible name

Count of instances: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 4

Issue: description list orphan

Impact: User cannot get help on whether an item is in a list

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 40

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T33

Description: Element is not contained by a valid dl element

Count of instances: 10

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 38

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 19

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 26

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 26

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_suspicious

Description: Image text alternative is suspicious

Count of instances: 2

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 6

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 22

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 9

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 4

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 11

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 22

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 22

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 16

Violations of ibm rules

Rule input_label_exists

Description: Element with the role of a form control has no associated label

Count of instances: 4

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 15

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 15

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 15

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 15

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 15

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 10

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 10

Issue: asides not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 9

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_complementary_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with a complementary role have no unique labels

Count of instances: 3

Issue: meta invalid

Impact: Document fails to include needed data

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 9

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A charset attribute on a meta element found after the first 1024 bytes.

Description: charset attribute on a meta element appears after 1024 bytes

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element meta at this point.*$

Description: Attribute is not allowed on a meta element here

Count of instances: 1

Rule ^Element meta is missing one or more of the following attributes: .+$

Description: Element is missing a required attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_3_F24.F24.FGColour

Description: Inline foreground color may lack a complementary background color

Count of instances: 4

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 2

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and its background image may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.BgImage

Description: Contrast between the text and the background image may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 2

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T10

Description: Adjacent image and text links for the same resource are not combined

Count of instances: 4

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 2

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 6

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 2

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 5

Issue: legend missing

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a group of form items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule fieldset_no_legend

Description: First child element of the element is not a legend

Count of instances: 1

Rule legend_first_child_of_fieldset

Description: First child element of the element is not a legend

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H71.NoLegend

Description: Element has no legend element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule fieldset_legend_valid

Description: Element has no legend element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T3

Description: Description for a group of form controls using fieldset and legend elements is not provided

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule legend_missing

Description: Element has no legend element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link element invalid

Impact: Document fails to get a needed external resource

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_4_8.H59.1

Description: Element is not in the document head

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule A link element with an as attribute must have a rel attribute that contains the value preload or the value modulepreload.

Description: Element has an as attribute but no rel attribute with preload or modulepreload as its value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The itemprop attribute was specified, but the element is not a property of any item.

Description: itemprop attribute is on an element that is not a property of an item

Count of instances: 1

Issue: label types incompatible

Impact: User cannot get reliable help on the topics of form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule labClash

Description: Incompatible label types

Count of instances: 2

Issue: operable element not focusable

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to an operable item

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule opFoc

Description: Operable element is not Tab-focusable

Count of instances: 1

Issue: underlining dubious

Impact: User may be misled into believing some text is a link

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule underline

Description: CSS underline on text that is not a link

Count of instances: 4

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule position_sticky

Description: Element has a sticky position

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 3

Issue: landmarks not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-unique

Description: Landmark has a role and an accessible name that are identical to another

Count of instances: 1

Issue: group not named

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a group of form items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.Fieldset.Name

Description: Fieldset has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule fieldset_label_valid

Description: Group or fieldset has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: complementary not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_complementary_labelled

Description: Element with a complementary role has no label

Count of instances: 3

Issue: navigations not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_navigation_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with the navigation role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 1

Issue: noscript element possibly not equivalent

Impact: User who has disabled JavaScript may be denied some content

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of wave rules

Rule noscript

Description: noscript element may fail to contain an accessible equivalent or alternative

Count of instances: 3

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link href missing

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_href_on_a

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading structure illogical

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule headings_hierarchy

Description: Heading level is illogical in its context

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links dubiously share name

Impact: User may be unable to get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule identical-links-same-purpose

Description: Links with the same accessible name may serve dissimilar purposes

Count of instances: 2

Issue: aside child of landmark

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-complementary-is-top-level

Description: complementary landmark (aside) is contained in another landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 2

Issue: image alt long

Impact: Helper gives a user an overly verbose explanation of an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_long

Description: Long text alternative

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 38

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 4