Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Signal Technology Foundation web page at https://signal.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2034, the sum of 360 for the count of issues, 1398 for specific issues, 241 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 35 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: element in head invalid

Impact: Browser processes the document improperly

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 666

Violations of testaro rules

Rule headEl

Description: Elements in the head are not allowed there

Count of instances: 222

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 192

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 64

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 162

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 81

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 73

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 72

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 18

Issue: main missing

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 62

Violations of axe rules

Rule landmark-one-main

Description: page has no main landmark

Count of instances: 1

Issue: image not named

Impact: User cannot get help to know what is in an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 40

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r2

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 9

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_alt_attribute

Description: Image has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 10

Violations of axe rules

Rule image-alt

Description: Image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H37

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 8

Violations of ibm rules

Rule img_alt_valid

Description: Image has neither an alt attribute nor an ARIA label or title

Count of instances: 10

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule An img element must have an alt attribute, except under certain conditions. For details, consult guidance on providing text alternatives for images.

Description: img element has no alt attribute

Count of instances: 10

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R17

Description: Image has no accessible name

Count of instances: 10

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_missing

Description: Text alternative is missing

Count of instances: 9

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 28

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 9

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 14

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-prohibited-attr

Description: Element has an attribute that is not valid for the role of the element

Count of instances: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_attribute_valid

Description: ARIA attribute is invalid for the role of its element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 20

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 7

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 11

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 18

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r74

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute font size

Count of instances: 9

Issue: line height absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the line height of text for readability

WCAG: 1.4.12

Score: 18

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r80

Description: Paragraph text has an absolute line height

Count of instances: 9

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 16

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_1_1.H30.2

Description: img element is the only link content but has no text alternative

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 3

Rule QW-WCAG-T21

Description: Accessible name is not provided for an image which is the only content in a link

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule alt_link_missing

Description: Linked image has no text alternative

Count of instances: 1

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 2

Issue: skip method possibly missing or invalid

Impact: Keyboard-only user may be unable easily to reach the specific content of the document

WCAG: 2.4.1

Score: 8

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r87

Description: First focusable element is not a link to the main content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_button_description

Description: Button has no visible accessible name

Count of instances: 2

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 4

Issue: invalid landmark child of navigation role

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 8

Violations of aslint rules

Rule navigation_landmark_restrictions

Description: Element with a navigation role contains a landmark other than region and search

Count of instances: 2

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 3

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 4

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 5

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 5

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: visible label not in name

Impact: User cannot get help choosing a form control to operate

WCAG: 2.5.3

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r14

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule label-content-name-mismatch

Description: Element visible text is not part of its accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.2_5_3.F96

Description: Visible label is not in the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule label_name_visible

Description: Accessible name does not match or contain the visible label text

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R30

Description: Visible label is not part of the accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 1

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 3

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_contentinfo_misuse

Description: Element with a contentinfo role is present without an element with a main role

Count of instances: 1

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 3

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 2

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 2

Issue: custom button possibly keyboard-inoperable

Impact: Custom item may prevent a keyboard-only user from operating it

WCAG: 2.1.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_button_space_key

Description: Element has a button role but may fail to be keyboard-operable

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link href missing

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_href_on_a

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: autoplay

Impact: Motion- or noise-sensitive user may suffer harm

WCAG: 1.4.2

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule autoplay_audio_video

Description: Element plays automatically

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 1

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 1

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 1

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_possible

Description: Possible heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 1