Accessibility digest

Introduction

How accessible is the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy web page at https://www.iatp.org/?

This digest can help answer that question. Nine different tools (Alfa, ASLint, Axe, Equal Access, HTML CodeSniffer, Nu Html Checker, QualWeb, Testaro, and WAVE) tested the page to check its compliance with their accessibility rules. In all, the tools define about 915 rules, which are classified here into about 300 accessibility issues.

The results were interpreted to yield a score, with 0 being ideal. The score for this page was 2284, the sum of 630 for the count of issues, 1315 for specific issues, 293 for tool-by-tool ratings, 0 for the page preventing tools from running, 46 for browser warnings, and 0 for delayed page responses.

Issue summary

Itemized issues

The reported rule violations are itemized below, issue by issue. Additional details can be inspected in the full report.

Issue: line height low

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.8

Score: 196

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r73

Description: Text line height is not at least 1.5

Count of instances: 12

Violations of testaro rules

Rule lineHeight

Description: Text has a line height less than 1.5 times its font size

Count of instances: 98

Issue: target small

Impact: User cannot reliably choose an item to click or tap

WCAG: 2.5.5

Score: 144

Violations of testaro rules

Rule targetSize

Description: Button, input, or non-inline link is smaller than 44 px wide and high

Count of instances: 48

Issue: focusable element hidden

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 128

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_hidden_nontabbable

Description: Element has an ancestor with a true aria-hidden attribute but is focusable

Count of instances: 32

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R13

Description: Element with aria-hidden has focusable content

Count of instances: 9

Issue: meta bans zoom

Impact: User cannot adjust the document size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 124

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r47

Description: Element restricts zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule zoom_disabled

Description: Element specifies a minimum or maximum scale or prohibits zooming

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule meta-viewport

Description: Zooming and scaling are disabled

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Consider avoiding viewport values that prevent users from resizing documents.

Description: viewport value prevents users from resizing the document

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R14

Description: meta viewport prevents zoom

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link indication poor

Impact: User cannot differentiate a link from plain text

WCAG: 1.3.3

Score: 86

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r62

Description: Inline link is not distinct from the surrounding text except by color

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_not_visually_evident_without_color_vision

Description: Element is a link, but its style properties do not differentiate it from its parent

Count of instances: 13

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-in-text-block

Description: Element is not distinct from surrounding text without reliance on color

Count of instances: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkUl

Description: Inline links are not underlined

Count of instances: 43

Issue: text contrast poor

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 64

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r69

Description: Text outside widget has subminimum contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast

Count of instances: 16

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Fail

Description: Contrast between the text and its background is less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule text_contrast_sufficient

Description: Text has a contrast with its background less than the WCAG AA minimum for its size and weight

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R37

Description: Text has less than the minimum contrast

Count of instances: 7

Violations of wave rules

Rule contrast

Description: Very low contrast

Count of instances: 4

Issue: font size absolute

Impact: User cannot adjust the text size for readability

WCAG: 1.4.4

Score: 58

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T28

Description: Percent, em, or name is used for a font size

Count of instances: 29

Issue: focus indication poor

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot choose an item to operate

WCAG: 2.4.7

Score: 56

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r65

Description: Element in the sequential focus order has no visible focus

Count of instances: 3

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focInd

Description: Focused element displays a nonstandard or no focus indicator

Count of instances: 14

Issue: text contrast improvable

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.6

Score: 49

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r66

Description: Text contrast less than AAA requires

Count of instances: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule color_contrast_aaa

Description: Text contrast may be less than enhanced but the element is invisible

Count of instances: 17

Rule color_contrast_aaa7

Description: Text has contrast less than 7:1

Count of instances: 2

Rule color_contrast_aaa4

Description: Text has contrast less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule color-contrast-enhanced

Description: Element has insufficient color contrast (Level AAA)

Count of instances: 9

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Fail

Description: Text has insufficient contrast

Count of instances: 2

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R76

Description: Text has less than the enhanced minimum contrast

Count of instances: 49

Issue: large visible-element count

Impact: User cannot easily find items in the document

WCAG: 2.4

Score: 31

Violations of testaro rules

Rule bulk

Description: Page contains many visible elements

Count of instances: 1

Issue: links named identically

Impact: User cannot get help differentiating links

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 30

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_same_content_different_url

Description: Links with the same text content have different destination URLs

Count of instances: 15

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R9

Description: Links with identical accessible names have different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Rule QW-ACT-R44

Description: Links with identical accessible names and context serve different purposes

Count of instances: 2

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkAmb

Description: Links with the same text content have different destinations

Count of instances: 1

Issue: target empty

Impact: Item is displayed improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 24

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Bad value for attribute target on element a: Browsing context name must be at least one character long.

Description: target attribute on an a element is empty

Count of instances: 6

Issue: link not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r11

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_link_element

Description: Element has no visible and accessible name

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule link-name

Description: Link has no discernible text

Count of instances: 4

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Empty

Description: a element has an id attribute but no href attribute or text

Count of instances: 1

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.NoContent

Description: Link has an href attribute but not named

Count of instances: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule a_text_purpose

Description: Hyperlink has no link text, label, or image with a text alternative

Count of instances: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R12

Description: Link has no accessible name

Count of instances: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_empty

Description: Link contains not named

Count of instances: 4

Issue: ID not unique

Impact: User may be pointed to the wrong item

WCAG: 4.1.1

Score: 20

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r3

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_id_attribute

Description: Element id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_1.F77

Description: Duplicate id attribute value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_id_unique

Description: Element has an id attribute value that is already in use

Count of instances: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Duplicate ID .+$|^The first occurrence of ID .* was here.*$

Description: Duplicate id

Count of instances: 4

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R18

Description: id attribute value is not unique

Count of instances: 5

Issue: attribute value invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 20

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Bad value .* for attribute .+ on element .+$

Description: Attribute on this element has an invalid value

Count of instances: 5

Issue: nav links not list

Impact: User cannot get help recognizing a list of navigation links

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 16

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48

Description: Navigation links are not coded as a list

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T32

Description: ol, ul or dl is not used for a list or group of links

Count of instances: 8

Issue: role invalid

Impact: User cannot get help on the nature of an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 15

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r110

Description: No token in the value of the role attribute is valid

Count of instances: 1

Rule r21

Description: Element has no valid role

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-allowed-role

Description: ARIA role is not appropriate for the element

Count of instances: 4

Rule aria-roles

Description: ARIA role has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_valid

Description: ARIA role is not valid for its element

Count of instances: 4

Rule aria_role_allowed

Description: Element has an invalid role

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R20

Description: role attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: inconsistent heading, link, or button styles

Impact: User cannot easily distinguish items of different types

WCAG: 3.2.4

Score: 15

Violations of testaro rules

Rule styleDiff

Description: Heading, link, and button style inconsistencies

Count of instances: 15

Issue: content beyond landmarks

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 12

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r57

Description: Perceivable text content is not included in any landmark

Count of instances: 5

Violations of axe rules

Rule region

Description: Some page content is not contained by landmarks

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_content_in_landmark

Description: Content is not within a landmark element

Count of instances: 12

Issue: svg image not named

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an image

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 12

Violations of aslint rules

Rule accessible_svg

Description: Element has no title, description, text, attribute label, or role description

Count of instances: 3

Issue: code obsolete

Impact: Document contains code that is no longer standard

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 12

Violations of ibm rules

Rule element_attribute_deprecated

Description: Element or attribute is obsolete

Count of instances: 4

Issue: parent invalid

Impact: User cannot properly operate an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 12

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Element .+ not allowed as child of element .+ in this context.*$

Description: Element has an invalid parent

Count of instances: 3

Issue: element beyond display when focused

Impact: Keyboard-only user cannot navigate properly to the operable items

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 12

Violations of testaro rules

Rule focVis

Description: Element when focused is off the display

Count of instances: 4

Issue: button not named

Impact: User cannot get help explaing a button

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 12

Violations of wave rules

Rule button_empty

Description: Button is empty or has no value text

Count of instances: 3

Issue: image dubiously named

Impact: Helper may describe an image inadequately

WCAG: 1.1.1

Score: 10

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T8

Description: Text alternative is not an alternative

Count of instances: 10

Issue: hover indication poor

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 9

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hovInd

Description: Hovering is unclearly indicated

Count of instances: 3

Issue: z-index not zero

Impact: User cannot predict the effect of clicking

WCAG: 1.4

Score: 9

Violations of testaro rules

Rule zIndex

Description: Element has a nondefault z-index value

Count of instances: 9

Issue: no role-required name

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 8

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_accessiblename_exists

Description: Element has no accessible name, although its role requires one

Count of instances: 2

Issue: error reference invalid

Impact: User cannot correct a form error

WCAG: 3.3.1

Score: 8

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R41

Description: Error message describes no invalid form field value

Count of instances: 2

Issue: text contrast issues not testable

Impact: Text may be difficult to read

WCAG: 1.4.3

Score: 7

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G17.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 7:1

Count of instances: 4

Rule AAA.1_4_6.G18.Abs

Description: Contrast between the absolutely positioned text and its background may be less than 4.5:1

Count of instances: 3

Issue: role redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 6

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_role_redundant

Description: Explicitly assigned ARIA role is redundant with the implicit role of the element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ role is unnecessary for element .+$

Description: explicit role is redundant for its element

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule role

Description: Invalid, native-replacing, or redundant role

Count of instances: 6

Issue: text and image link not combined

Impact: Keyboard-only user expends extra effort to skip a link

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 6

Violations of wave rules

Rule link_redundant

Description: Adjacent links go to the same URL

Count of instances: 3

Issue: tab-opening link action possibly unstated

Impact: Following a link opens a new window, possibly surprising a user

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 5

Violations of aslint rules

Rule links_new_window_mark

Description: Indicator that the link opens a new window or tab may be missing

Count of instances: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.3_2_5.H83.3

Description: Link text may fail to indicate that the link will open in a new window

Count of instances: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkExt

Description: Link opens a new window or tab

Count of instances: 5

Issue: heading-like styles dubious

Impact: User may be unable to understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 5

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42

Description: Heading coding is not used but the element may be intended as a heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_possible

Description: Possible heading

Count of instances: 5

Issue: control label invisible

Impact: User cannot understand how to operate a form item

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule label_visually_hidden_only

Description: Form control has a label but it is not visible

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link href missing

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_href_on_a

Description: Link has no href attribute

Count of instances: 2

Issue: label reference invalid

Impact: User cannot get help understanding an item in a form

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule aria_labelledby_associationN

Description: Element referenced by the aria-labelledby attribute is missing

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The aria-labelledby attribute must point to an element in the same document.

Description: aria-labelledby attribute references an element not in the document

Count of instances: 1

Issue: CSS bans rotation

Impact: User must read sideways after rotating a device

WCAG: 1.3.4

Score: 4

Violations of aslint rules

Rule orientation

Description: CSS media query specifies an orientation

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria attribute invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of axe rules

Rule aria-valid-attr-value

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid value

Count of instances: 1

Issue: aria reference invalid

Impact: Item behavior violates user expectations

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_id_unique

Description: ARIA attribute has an invalid or duplicated id as its value

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule aria_reference_broken

Description: Broken ARIA reference

Count of instances: 1

Issue: type redundant

Impact: Document includes unnecessary code

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule The type attribute for the style element is not needed and should be omitted.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a style element

Count of instances: 3

Rule The type attribute is unnecessary for JavaScript resources.

Description: type attribute is unnecessary for a JavaScript resource

Count of instances: 1

Issue: section heading missing

Impact: User cannot understand the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Section lacks heading. Consider using h2-h6 elements to add identifying headings to all sections, or else use a div element instead for any cases where no heading is needed.

Description: section has no heading

Count of instances: 4

Issue: attribute invalid

Impact: Item behaves improperly

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^Attribute .+ not allowed on element .+ at this point.*$

Description: Attribute not allowed on this element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: title attribute invalid

Impact: User cannot hover to get help explaining an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 4

Violations of testaro rules

Rule titledEl

Description: title attribute belongs to an inappropriate element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: control not named

Impact: User cannot get help on how to operate a form item

WCAG: 4.1.2

Score: 4

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_missing

Description: form element has no label

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading empty

Impact: User cannot get help on the topic of a part of the document

WCAG: 2.4.6

Score: 3

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r64

Description: Heading has no non-empty accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_heading

Description: Element is a heading but is empty

Count of instances: 1

Violations of axe rules

Rule empty-heading

Description: Heading empty

Count of instances: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H42.2

Description: Heading empty

Count of instances: 1

Violations of ibm rules

Rule heading_content_exists

Description: Heading element has no descriptive content

Count of instances: 1

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule Empty heading.

Description: Empty heading

Count of instances: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-ACT-R35

Description: Heading has no accessible name

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule heading_empty

Description: Empty heading

Count of instances: 1

Issue: position sticky

Impact: User may be unable to see needed content or may be forced to scroll in both dimensions

WCAG: 1.4.10

Score: 3

Violations of aslint rules

Rule position_sticky

Description: Element has a sticky position

Count of instances: 3

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_4_10.C32,C31,C33,C38,SCR34,G206

Description: Fixed-position element may force bidirectional scrolling

Count of instances: 2

Issue: navigations not distinctly named

Impact: User cannot get help on how some of the document is organized

WCAG: 1.3.6

Score: 3

Violations of ibm rules

Rule aria_navigation_label_unique

Description: Multiple elements with the navigation role do not have unique labels

Count of instances: 1

Issue: attribute obsolete

Impact: Document includes obsolete code that the browser may fail to process

WCAG: 4.1

Score: 3

Violations of nuVal rules

Rule ^The .+ attribute on the .+ element is obsolete.+$

Description: Attribute is obsolete on its element

Count of instances: 1

Issue: heading heads nothing

Impact: Helper misdescribes the document

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of alfa rules

Rule r78

Description: No content between two headings of the same level

Count of instances: 1

Issue: fieldset possibly missing

Impact: User may be unable to get help recognizing a group of related form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule group_elements_name_attribute

Description: Element is an input with a name attribute but has no fieldset parent

Count of instances: 2

Issue: labeling risky

Impact: User may misunderstand a form control

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule missing_labelN

Description: Element has an id attribute but no explicit label references it

Count of instances: 2

Issue: element referenced by multiple labels

Impact: User cannot get reliable help on the topics of form items

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of aslint rules

Rule duplicated_for_attribute

Description: More than 1 label element has the same for attribute

Count of instances: 2

Violations of ibm rules

Rule form_label_unique

Description: Form control has more than one label

Count of instances: 1

Violations of wave rules

Rule label_multiple

Description: Form control has more than one label associated with it

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link incomplete

Impact: User may fail to reach a promised location

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 2

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.4_1_2.H91.A.Placeholder

Description: Link has text but no href, id, or name attribute

Count of instances: 1

Issue: title attribute empty

Impact: Hovering does not get the promised explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule empty_title_attribute

Description: title attribute of the element is empty or only whitespace

Count of instances: 2

Issue: link name dubious

Impact: User may misunderstand what a link points to

WCAG: 2.4.4

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule link_with_unclear_purpose

Description: Element is a link but has vague or generic content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: link destination not URL

Impact: Helper cannot properly explain a link to a user

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of aslint rules

Rule unclear_anchor_uri

Description: Link destination is #, a script, or empty

Count of instances: 1

Issue: list unordered type dubious

Impact: User may be unable to get help on whether a list is ordered

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of htmlcs rules

Rule AAA.1_3_1.H48.2

Description: Ordered list may fail to be coded as such

Count of instances: 1

Issue: label location dubious

Impact: User may fail to notice the explanation of an item in a form

WCAG: 3.3.2

Score: 1

Violations of qualWeb rules

Rule QW-WCAG-T17

Description: label not positioned to maximize the predictability of the relationship

Count of instances: 1

Issue: text distortion

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule distortion

Description: Element text is distorted by a transform style property

Count of instances: 1

Issue: hovering changes content

Impact: User cannot explore the document reliably with a mouse

WCAG: 3.2.5

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule hover

Description: Hovering changes the page content

Count of instances: 1

Issue: title attribute redundant

Impact: Helper repeats the explanation of an item

WCAG: 1.3.1

Score: 1

Violations of testaro rules

Rule linkTitle

Description: Link title value is also contained in the link text

Count of instances: 1

Issue: all-capital text

Impact: Text is difficult to read

WCAG: 3.1.5

Score: 0

Violations of aslint rules

Rule capital_letters_words

Description: Element or its title has entirely upper-case words

Count of instances: 46

Violations of testaro rules

Rule allCaps

Description: Element has a text substring of at least 8 upper-case characters

Count of instances: 10